Wave reducers

Wave reducers

Principle of harmonic reduction

When the wave generator is loaded into the inner circle of the flexible wheel, the flexible slot should be elastically deformed into an ellipse shape, and the gear of the long axis flexible part is inserted into the slot of the rigid wheel until the two gears of the short axis touch at all, in a disconnected state. When the wave generator rotates continuously, it causes the flexible wheel to deform continuously and causes the teeth of the two wheels to continuously change their working state, thus causing the so-called irregular tooth movement, thereby transmitting the movement between the active generator of waves and the flexible wheel.

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Wave reducers

Wave reducers are composed

  • Wave generator

The wave generator consists of a flexible bearing and an elliptical cam. The wave generator is usually installed at the input of the gearbox, the inner ring of the flexible bearing is fixed on the cam, and the outer ring is elastically deformed into a ball ellipse.

  • Flexible wheel

A flexible thin-walled elastic part with an outer ring, usually mounted on the output of the gearbox.

  • Solid wheel

A solid ring with an inner ring usually has two more teeth than a flexible ring and is usually attached to the gear housing.

Wave reducer path

The flexible gear and elastic bearing take on an elliptical shape with the wave generator inserted.

A flexible gear and an internal gear are engaged at both ends of the long axis of the ellipse in a stable manner.

With a fixed internal gear, when the wave generator rotates clockwise, the flexible gear (output) rotates counterclockwise. Its rotation speed is determined by the difference in the number of teeth between two gears.

       

The main differences of the wave gearbox

  • Large gear ratio for a single-stage model: up to 320:1
  • A large number of teeth that are in simultaneous engagement
  • High accuracy
  • No small gear ratios (less than 30:1)
  • Simple design
  • High reliability
  • Hollow shaft
  • The torsional stiffness
  • Short axial length

Practical advantages of wave reducers

The distinctive characteristics of wave reducers act as advantages in a number of industries that are currently highly developed. Examples include robotics (classic industrial robots, collaborative robots, and humanoid robots) and medical technology (surgical robots, medical scanning units, and exo skeletons). The short length along the axis, the possibility of obtaining high torque in compact dimensions, as well as the hollow shaft allow compact dimensions of all parts of the robot, and the high precision of the gearboxes allow good accuracy of the entire robot.

In other industries, where the finished products must work in aggressive environments (for example, vacuum, radioactive radiation, especially high or very low temperatures), wave reducers are often used. Here, a high specific torque is required, which allows for a compact design, the possibility of simple transfer of rotation in an aggressive environment without additional seals and good reliability indicators due to the simple design.

Documents:

Li Ming Machinery Co., Ltd. is certified to ISO 9001:2015 for the design and manufacture of gear reducers — SGS certificate No. TW97/10746, valid until 10 September 2027.

MECHATRONICS EOOD is the exclusive distributor of Li Ming Machinery Co., Ltd. for Bulgaria — certificate ref. LM-20261005 dated 5 October 2026, valid until 31 December 2031.